TOEFL iBT Grammar
Master TOEFL iBT Grammar with expert strategies, sample questions and AI-powered practice. Free guide with score-improving techniques.
TOEFL iBT Grammar — Essential Rules for a High Score
Grammar accuracy is scored directly in every section of the TOEFL iBT exam. These are the grammar rules that appear most frequently in exam questions and that AI scoring engines penalise most heavily.
Subject-Verb Agreement
The verb must agree in number with its subject. A singular subject takes a singular verb.
- Correct: "The number of students is increasing."
- Incorrect: "The number of students are increasing."
- Collective nouns (team, government, committee) take singular verbs in American English.
Article Usage (a / an / the)
- Use a/an for first mention of a countable noun (a solution, an increase).
- Use the for subsequent mention or when the reference is specific (the solution I mentioned).
- No article for uncountable nouns in general statements (Water is essential) or plural nouns in general statements (Governments must act).
Verb Tenses in Academic Writing
| Context | Tense | Example |
|---|---|---|
| General facts | Simple Present | Research shows that... |
| Past events | Simple Past | The study found that... |
| Recent results | Present Perfect | Scientists have discovered... |
| Data description | Simple Past | The figure rose to 45%... |
Common Grammar Mistakes in Exam Writing
- Missing article before countable singular nouns
- Using "informations" / "researches" (uncountable nouns)
- Run-on sentences without proper punctuation
- Incorrect use of "however", "moreover", "furthermore" (must be followed by a comma)
- Mixing tenses within a single paragraph
- Dangling modifiers ("Having studied the data, the results were clear" — who studied the data?)
Pro tip: Our AI grammar checker flags errors in real time as you type in practice essays and speaking transcripts. Submit 10 practice essays to identify your personal error patterns.
Useful Grammar Structures for High Scores
- Passive voice for academic objectivity: "It has been argued that..."
- Relative clauses for complexity: "The city, which experienced rapid growth..."
- Conditional structures: "If the government were to invest more..., this would result in..."
- Concession clauses: "Although some may argue..., the evidence suggests..."
- Gerunds as subjects: "Investing in education is crucial for..."
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I improve my TOEFL iBT Grammar score?
To improve your TOEFL iBT Grammar score: (1) practise with real exam-format questions daily, (2) review detailed feedback after each attempt, (3) focus on your weakest areas first, (4) take full timed mock tests to build exam stamina, and (5) study high-frequency vocabulary and grammar patterns.
How many questions are in the TOEFL iBT Grammar test?
The TOEFL iBT Grammar section contains multiple question types. Our mock tests replicate the exact format and number of questions used in the real exam.
What is the best way to practise TOEFL iBT Grammar?
The most effective way to practise TOEFL iBT Grammar is through AI-powered practice that gives instant, detailed feedback. Identify your pattern of mistakes, focus your practice on those, and track your improvement with regular mock tests.