English Grammar Encyclopedia
Master every grammar topic you need for PTE Academic, IELTS, OET, TOEFL and professional English. Expert explanations, real examples, and exam-specific tips for every topic.
Tenses
All 12 English tenses with formation rules, usage, signal words and exam-specific tips.
Master the Present Simple tense. Learn when to use it, how to form positives, negatives an...
Learn more →Learn the Present Continuous tense (also called Present Progressive). Understand when to u...
Learn more →Master the Present Perfect tense. Learn when to use have/has + past participle, the differ...
Learn more →Master the Past Simple tense. Learn regular and irregular verb forms, when to use Past Sim...
Learn more →Learn the Past Perfect tense (had + past participle). Understand when to sequence past eve...
Learn more →Master the Future Simple tense using "will". Learn when to use will vs going to, predictio...
Learn more →Master the Present Perfect Continuous tense (have/has been + -ing). Learn how it differs f...
Learn more →Learn the Past Continuous tense (was/were + -ing). Understand when to use it for backgroun...
Learn more →Sentence Structure
How to build clear, grammatically correct sentences — word order, passive voice, parallelism and more.
Master the Passive Voice in English. Learn how to form it in all tenses, when to use it (e...
Learn more →Master Reported Speech (indirect speech) in English. Learn tense backshifting rules, prono...
Learn more →Master subject-verb agreement in English. Learn the core rules, tricky cases (collective n...
Learn more →Master parallel structure (parallelism) in English writing. Learn how to keep lists, pairs...
Learn more →Master English word order (SVO structure). Learn correct adverb placement, adjective order...
Learn more →Parts of Speech
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, articles, prepositions, conjunctions and modal verbs.
Master English articles: definite (the), indefinite (a, an) and zero article. Learn when t...
Learn more →Master English modal verbs: ability, permission, possibility, obligation, advice and deduc...
Learn more →Master English conjunctions: coordinating (FANBOYS), subordinating, and correlative. Learn...
Learn more →Master English prepositions of time, place and direction. Learn the key rules for "in", "o...
Learn more →Clauses & Phrases
Relative clauses, conditionals, adverbial clauses, participle clauses and gerunds vs infinitives.
Master English relative clauses. Learn the difference between defining and non-defining re...
Learn more →Master all types of conditional sentences: zero, first, second, third and mixed conditiona...
Learn more →Master gerunds (-ing forms) and infinitives (to + verb) in English. Learn which verbs take...
Learn more →Master adverbial clauses in English: time (when, while, after), cause (because, since, as)...
Learn more →Master participle clauses (present -ing, past -ed, perfect having + -ed). Learn how to red...
Learn more →Academic Grammar
Grammar features of academic English: hedging, nominalisation, cohesive devices and formal register.
Master cohesive devices in academic writing: discourse markers, reference pronouns, substi...
Learn more →Master hedging language for academic writing. Learn how to express uncertainty, caution an...
Learn more →Master comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs. Learn regular and irregular for...
Learn more →Master the four sentence types in English: simple, compound, complex and compound-complex....
Learn more →Master the grammar of academic English writing: formal register, nominalisation, impersona...
Learn more →Master subject-auxiliary inversion in English: negative adverbials, conditional inversion,...
Learn more →Common Errors
Run-on sentences, fragments, comma splices, dangling modifiers and other frequent mistakes.
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